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Massive particle collider passes first key tests
Published in Saudi Press Agency on 10 - 09 - 2008


The world's largest particle collider passed
its first major tests by firing two beams of protons in
opposite directions around a 17-mile (27-kilometer)
underground ring Wednesday in what scientists hope is the
next great step to understanding the makeup of the
universe, AP reported.
After a series of trial runs, two white dots flashed on a
computer screen at 10:26 a.m. (0826 GMT) indicating that
the protons had traveled clockwise along the full length of
the 4 billion Swiss franc (US$3.8 billion) Large Hadron
Collider _ described as the biggest physics experiment in
history.
«There it is,» project leader Lyn Evans said when the
beam completed its lap.
Champagne corks popped in labs as far away as Chicago,
where contributing and competing scientists watched the
proceedings by satellite.
Five hours later, scientists successfully fired a beam
counterclockwise.
Physicists around the world now have much greater power to
smash the components of atoms together in attempts to learn
about their structure.
«Well done, everybody,» said Robert Aymar,
director-general of the European Organization for Nuclear
Research, to cheers from the assembled scientists in the
collider's control room at the Swiss-French border.
The organization, known by its French acronym CERN, began
firing the protons _ a type of subatomic particle _ around
the tunnel in stages less than an hour earlier, with the
first beam injection at 9:35 a.m. (0735 GMT).
Eventually two beams will be fired at the same time in
opposite directions with the aim of recreating conditions a
split second after the big bang.
«My first thought was relief,» said Evans, who has been
working on the project since its inception in 1984. «This
is a machine of enormous complexity. Things can go wrong at
any time. But this morning has been a great start.»
He didn't want to set a date, but said that he expected
scientists would be able to conduct collisions for their
experiments «within a few months.»
The collider is designed to push the proton beam close to
the speed of light, whizzing 11,000 times a second around
the tunnel.
Scientists hope to eventually send two beams of protons
through two tubes about the width of fire hoses, speeding
through a vacuum that is colder and emptier than outer
space. The paths of these beams will cross, and a few
protons will collide. The collider's two largest detectors
_ essentially huge digital cameras weighing thousands of
tons _ are capable of taking millions of snapshots a
second.
The supercooled magnets that guide the proton beam heated
slightly in the morning's first test, leading to a pause to
recool them before trying the opposite direction.
The start of the collider came over the objections of some
who feared the collision of protons could eventually
imperil the Earth by creating micro-black holes, subatomic
versions of collapsed stars whose gravity is so strong they
can suck in planets and other stars.
«It's nonsense,» said James Gillies, chief spokesman for
CERN.
CERN was backed by leading scientists like Britain's
Stephen Hawking , who declared the experiments to be
absolutely safe.
Gillies told the AP that the most dangerous thing that
could happen would be if a beam at full power were to go
out of control, and that would only damage the accelerator
itself and burrow into the rock around the tunnel.
Nothing of the sort occurred Wednesday, though the
accelerator is still probably a year away from full power.
The project organized by the 20 European member nations of
CERN has attracted researchers from 80 nations. Some 1,200
are from the United States, an observer country that
contributed US$531 million. Japan, another observer, also
is a major contributor.
Some scientists have been waiting for 20 years to use the
LHC.
For more information about the project visit CERN: http://www.cern.ch


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