French military technology is being used in Sudan's brutal civil war in violation of a UN arms embargo, rights organization Amnesty International has said. It says the Rapid Support Forces militia is using vehicles in the Darfur region supplied by the United Arab Emirates that are fitted with French hardware as it battles the army. "Our research shows that weaponry designed and manufactured in France is in active use on the battlefield in Sudan," said Amnesty's Secretary General Agnès Callamard. The BBC has asked for comment from France and the UAE, which has previously denied arming the RSF. Aid workers say the conflict in Sudan has led to one of the world's worst humanitarian crises, with many thousands at risk of famine. The Galix defense system — made in France by companies KNDS and Lacroix – is used for land forces to help counter close-range attacks. Amnesty said the weapons could be used to commit or facilitate serious rights violations, adding that the French government must ensure the companies "immediately stop the supply of this system to the UAE". The rights group shared images, which it said it had verified, of destroyed vehicles on the ground that had the Galix system visible on them. It said that the UAE and France had a long-standing partnership in the defense sector and cited a parliamentary report indicating that French companies had delivered about 2.6bn euros ($2.74bn; £2.16bn) in military equipment to the UAE between 2014 and 2023. It said the companies had a responsibility to respect human rights and to conduct "due diligence throughout their entire value chain". Amnesty says that it had contacted the affected companies and the French authorities regarding the use of the defense system but had received no response. "If France cannot guarantee through export controls, including end user certification, that arms will not be re-exported to Sudan, it should not authorise those transfers," it said. The UN first imposed an arms embargo in Darfur in 2004, following allegations of ethnic cleansing against the region's non-Arabic population. Amnesty has called for the embargo to be expanded to the rest of Sudan, and to strengthen its monitoring mechanism following the outbreak of a civil war last year. Amnesty has urged all countries to stop directly and indirectly supplying arms to Sudan's fighting factions. The paramilitary RSF, led by general Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, has been at war with Sudan's regular army under Abdel Fattah al-Burhan since April 2023 when the two former allies took up arms against each other in a ferocious power struggle. The RSF has been accused of ethnic cleansing in Darfur, which it has denied, blaming local militias. Both parties have been accused of committing war crimes, with the ongoing fighting leaving thousands dead and millions displaced. In August, a UN-backed committee of experts declared famine conditions in parts of Darfur. The head of the World Health Organization said starvation was "almost everywhere" following a visit to the country a month later. "The situation in Sudan is very alarming... the massive displacement — it's now the largest in the world, and, of course, famine," director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus then told the BBC. The confluence of war, hunger, displacement, and disease in Sudan has however been overshadowed internationally by the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East. — BBC
