The UN health agency pointed out on Wednesday, World Hepatitis Day, that every 30 seconds a person dies from a hepatitis-related illness and called for all countries to work together to eliminate this preventable disease as a public health threat by 2030. While some progress has been made, World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that globally, "access to prevention, testing, and treatment services for viral hepatitis remains far too low". "Over 350 million people have chronic hepatitis, an estimated 80 per cent of them can't access the care they need," he added. 'Make our voices heard' The day, observed annually on July 28, aims to raise awareness of viral hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver that causes severe liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. While the five main A, B, C, D and E strains of the virus all cause liver disease, they differ in other important ways, including illness severity, geographical distribution and prevention methods. This year's campaign specifically aims to increase early testing and treatment to reduce the risk of liver cancer. WHO called the day an opportunity for the world's hepatitis community to "unite and make our voices heard...celebrate the progress we have made and to meet the current challenges...[and] to increase awareness and encourage a real political change to jointly facilitate prevention, diagnosis and treatment". Vaccinations can help Some forms of hepatitis can be prevented through vaccination. A WHO study found that by 2030, an estimated 4.5 million premature deaths could be prevented in low- and middle-income countries through vaccination, diagnostic tests, medicines and education campaigns. Currently, 42 percent of children globally have access to the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. WHO's global hepatitis strategy, endorsed by all WHO member states, aims to "reduce new hepatitis B and C infections by 90 percent and deaths by 65 percent between 2016 and 2030", said the WHO chief. "We have the tools to reach these targets, but only if all countries commit to making sure all people have access to them," he added. "Let's get to work because hepatitis can't wait." Hepatitis B and C global breakdown Together, hepatitis B and C, the most common types, have resulted in 1.1 million deaths and three million new infections per year. An estimated 354 million people worldwide live with hepatitis B or C, and for most, testing and treatment remain beyond reach. If you are going for a tattoo or piercing, make sure the needles are sterilized as most often, Hepatitis C is transmitted by blood via unsterilized equipment. The burden of hepatitis B infection is highest in the WHO Western Pacific Region and the WHO African Region, where 116 million and 81 million people, respectively, are chronically infected. Sixty million people are infected in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 18 million in South-East Asia, 14 million in Europe and 5 million in the Americas. Ten percent of people with chronic hepatitis B virus are diagnosed, 22 percent of whom receive treatment. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in all WHO regions. If left untreated, hepatitis B and C are major risk factors for liver cancer — the sixth leading cause of death in the WHO Western Pacific Region. Transmission Hepatitis B is most spread from mother to child at birth, called perinatal transmission, or through exposure to infected blood. It is also spread by needlestick injury, tattooing, piercing and exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne virus. — UN News
