NASA has announced missions to Earth's nearest neighbor Venus. After decades of exploring other planets and moons, the space agency is returning its sights to the solar system's hottest planet, which it last visited with its Magellan spacecraft in orbit in 1989. NASA's new administrator, Bill Nelson, announced the missions during his first major address to employees on Wednesday. One mission named DaVinci Plus will analyze the thick, cloudy Venusian atmosphere in an attempt to determine whether the inferno planet ever had an ocean and was possibly habitable. The other, Veritas, will seek a geologic history by mapping the rocky planet's surface. Each mission, launching sometime around 2028 to 2030, will receive $500 million for development under NASA's Discovery program. DaVinci Plus and Veritas beat two other proposed missions in a "competitive, peer-reviewed process", which would have seen probes sent to Jupiter's moon Io and Neptune's moon Triton. The US and the former Soviet Union sent multiple spacecraft to Venus in the early days of space. NASA's Mariner 2 performed the first successful flyby in 1962, and the Soviets' Vernera 7 made the first successful landing in 1970. Other space agencies have paid visits since, including the European Space Agency's Venus Express orbiter in 2005, and Japan's Akatsuki in 2010, which is still operational in orbit. The last landings on Venus were the Soviet Union's Vega 1 and Vega 2 missions, which touched down on the surface in June 1985.
