Neil Armstrong in his astronaut suitNEIL ARMSTRONG made “one giant leap for mankind" with a small step onto the moon. He commanded the historic landing of the Apollo 11 spacecraft on the moon July 20, 1969, capping the most daring of the 20th century's scientific expeditions and becoming the first man to walk on the moon. His first words after the feat are etched in history books and the memories of the spellbound millions who heard them in a live broadcast. “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," Armstrong said. He insisted later that he had said “a'' before man, but said he, too, couldn't hear it in the version that went to the world. Armstrong, who had bypass surgery earlier this month, died Saturday at age 82 from what his family said were complications of heart procedures. His family didn't say where he died; he had lived in suburban Cincinnati. He was “a reluctant American hero who always believed he was just doing his job," his family said in a statement. The moonwalk marked America's victory in the Cold War space race that began Oct. 4, 1957, with the launch of the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, a 184-pound satellite that sent shock waves around the world. The accomplishment fulfilled a commitment President John F. Kennedy made for the nation to put a man on the moon before the end of 1960s. Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin spent nearly three hours walking on the lunar surface, collecting samples, conducting experiments and taking photographs. “The sights were simply magnificent, beyond any visual experience that I had ever been exposed to," Armstrong once said. In those first few moments on the moon, Armstrong stopped in what he called “a tender moment" and left a patch to commemorate NASA astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts who had died in action. Although he had been a Navy fighter pilot, a test pilot for NASA's forerunner and an astronaut, the modest Armstrong never allowed himself to be caught up in the celebrity and glamor of the space program. “I am, and ever will be, a white socks, pocket protector, nerdy engineer," he said in 2000 in one of his rare public appearances. “And I take a substantial amount of pride in the accomplishments of my profession." Rice University historian Douglas Brinkley, who interviewed Armstrong for NASA's oral history project, said Armstrong fit every requirement the space agency needed for the first man to walk on moon, especially because of his engineering skills and the way he handled celebrity by shunning it. “I think his genius was in his reclusiveness," said Brinkley. “He was the ultimate hero in an era of corruptible men." Fellow Ohioan and astronaut John Glenn, one of Armstrong's closest friends, recalled Saturday how Armstrong was on low fuel when he finally brought the lunar module Eagle down on the Sea of Tranquility. “That showed a dedication to what he was doing that was admirable," Glenn said. A man who kept away from cameras, Armstrong went public in 2010 with his concerns about President Barack Obama's space policy that shifted attention away from a return to the moon and emphasized private companies developing spaceships. He testified before Congress, and in an email to The Associated Press, Armstrong said he had “substantial reservations." Along with more than two dozen Apollo-era veterans, he signed a letter calling the plan a “misguided proposal that forces NASA out of human space operations for the foreseeable future." Armstrong was among the greatest of American heroes, Obama said in a statement. — AP
