Reuters PRIME Minister Manmohan Singh's move to open India's protected retail sector to global supermarket giants last week surprised critics who had written him off as a policy ditherer, but he was probably motivated by expedience rather than any reformist zeal. India's stellar economic growth is slowing, the rupee has skidded to record lows and inflation is stuck close to a double-digit clip. Faced with this predicament, Singh may have simply weighed the benefits of opening a $450 billion market to foreign investment against the political risk, and taken his chance. Just as he did back in 1991, when the central bank was forced to airlift 47 tons of gold to Europe as collateral for a loan to avert a sovereign default, Singh has opted for liberalization to deal with urgent economic problems. “In India, we've always achieved economic reform at gunpoint,” said political commentator Swapan Dasgupta. Many seized on Singh's retail sector decision, taken in the face of dissent within his own cabinet, as a sign that the reform process he had helped father was finally back on track. The front-page headline of the Economic Times on Friday crowed: “Hello Walmart, Goodbye Inertia”. Unpopular, saddled with petulant coalition allies, up against a combative opposition and facing elections in five states next year, Singh's Congress party is likely to shy away from far-reaching economic reforms that could cost it votes. Nevertheless, the move to allow multinationals into the retail market could be the first of several liberalization initiatives aimed at silencing complaints from business leaders and even its own supporters that this is a government adrift. “They are not reformers,” said Surjit Bhalla, chairman of Oxus Investments. “But, given its huge unpopularity, Congress is now looking to do what it can. There's more than an even chance that reforms will continue.” Next up may be a decision to open India's airline sector, which is struggling with cost pressures and a fierce price war, to foreign investors. The move to allow multinationals into India's vast retail market will eventually help unclog some of the supply bottlenecks that stoke inflation. It will also generate sorely needed foreign capital, not least for infrastructure investment, which the government's latest five-year plan targets at an ambitious $1 trillion. The government has taken other steps recently to attract funds from abroad. It has raised the limit on foreign investment in government and corporate bonds, and the cabinet has approved a law that - once it has parliamentary approval - will allow limited foreign direct investment in pensions firms. While none of this will address the country's economic ills in the short term, it may bring an immediate political gain. Welcoming in the world's big supermarket brands was risky. It will fuel fury with Congress among the millions of neighborhood store owners, who could make the party pay in next year's state elections. But the promise of world-class shopping will be welcomed by India's growing ranks of urban middle classes, and Singh's uncharacteristic boldness could shore up public faith in his government as it gears up for a general election in 2014. __
