Relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the sisterly Arab Republic of Egypt are special due to the prestigeous status enjoyed by the two countries at Arab, Islamic and international levels. At the Arab level, the historical experience emphasizes that Riyadh and Cairo are poles of relations and interactions in the Arab regional system, and upon their shoulders, they bear the greatest burden in achieving Arab solidarity and the desired good goals for which the Arab peoples from the Atlantic to the Gulf are looking forward. Mount Radhwa, northwestern of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has seen the first historic meeting between late King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud and King Farouk of Egypt, in 1364 AH (1945), during which the fixed policy for the future of bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt had been set. Then, it came the visit of late King Abdulaziz Al Saud to Egypt in 1365 AH (1946), where the views between late King Abdulaziz and King Farouk had been identical concerning the Arab League, during which late King Abdulaziz agreed on Alexandria Protocol, and their meeting resulted in late King Abdulaziz's approval finally of the accession of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia into the Arab League. The political relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt have witnessed a strong development since the signing of the Treaty of Friendship between the two countries in 1926 and on October 27, 1955, a joint defense agreement was signed between the two countries. Late King Abdulaziz Al Saud had clearly realized the strategic importance of the Egyptian-Saudi relations, and said his famous saying "Arabs are indispensable to Egypt and Egypt is indispensable for Arabs." In 1355 AH (1926), a friendship treaty was signed between the two countries and then, the reconstruction agreement was signed in Riyadh in 1358 AH (1939), under which Egypt had accomplished certain construction projects in the Kingdom. The Kingdom had supported Egypt's national demands on the withdrawal of British troops from Egyptian territory, and stood beside it at the Arab League, the United Nations and all the international forums. On October 27, 1955 a joint defense pact was signed in Cairo between the two countries and the head of the Saudi delegation to the signing ceremony was late King Faisal bin Abdulaziz. During the tripartite aggression against Egypt in 1956, the Kingdom stood with all its weight along with Egypt, on all political, economic and military arenas. Following the Israeli aggression against Egypt, Syria and Jordan in 1967, late King Faisal bin Abdulaziz had issued an appeal to Arab leaders, stressing the need to stand by the brotherly attacked countries. The mutual visits during the past 20 years between the Saudi and Egyptian leaders confirm the depth of the historical relations between the two brotherly countries. On March 16, 1987, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, then Governor of Riyadh region paid a visit to the Arab Republic of Egypt for the opening of the exhibition of "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Between Yesterday and Today" in Cairo. On 28 February, 2015, President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi paid a visit to the Kingdom, during which he met the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the two leaders discussed boosting bilateral relations and the latest developments in the Arab region as well as consultation and coordination to achieve the interests of the Arab and Islamic nations. On March 03, 2015, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud paid a visit to Egypt, to attend the Arab summit in its 26 session, during which he was received by President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi. On February 05, 2015, President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi paid a visit to the Kingdom during which he met the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the two sides held talks reflected the strength and durability of historical and close relations between the two countries. On October 11, 2015, President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi visited the Kingdom to participate in the Fourth Summit of Arab and South American countries. On March 12, 2013, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Naif bin Abdulaziz, then Interior Minister met with his Egyptian counterpart, Major General Mohamed Ibrahim, who was visiting the Kingdom to participate in the activities of the 30th session of the Council of Arab Interior Ministers, which was held in Riyadh at the time. On July 12, 2015, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Naif bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Premier and Interior Minister held a meeting in Jeddah with Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry during which they discussed the prospects of cooperation between the two brotherly countries and ways of enhancing them in all fields in addition to reviewing the developments on the Arab, Islamic and international arenas. On December 15, 2015, Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Second Deputy Premier and Defense Minister paid a visit to Egypt, during which he was received by President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and their meeting dealt with the meetings of the Egyptian-Saudi Joint Coordination Council, which aims to strengthen cooperation, trade and economic exchanges to reflect the speciality of the relationship between the two countries. The meeting also tackled a number of issues of common interest. On March 10, 2016, President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi visited the Kingdom to attend the final military parade of the maneuvers of "North Thunder" 2016, which were patronized by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in the presence of a number of leaders of Arab and Islamic countries at King Khalid Military City, Hafr Al-Batin. In the economic field, the economic and trade relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt have multiplied several times during the 80s and 90s of the 20th Century as well as the first four years of the current century, where the Saudi investments ranked first among Arab countries investing in Egypt, and ranked second at the level of global investment, worth more than 71 billion Egyptian pounds. The volume of investments of the Kingdom in Egypt amounted to 5777 billion dollars with a number of enterprise companies amounted to 3057 companies from 01/01/1970 till 31/12/2013 in the sectors of industry, construction, tourism, financing, agriculture, service, and communications and information technology. In the framework of strengthening these relations, the bilateral meetings were held and a number of agreements and memoranda of understanding were signed between the two parties. On December 02, 2015, the Egyptian-Saudi Coordination Council held its first meeting in Riyadh under the Chairmanship of Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Second Deputy Premier and Defense Minister and the Prime Minister of Egypt, Engineer Sherif Ismail Mohamed, in the presence of members of the Council's two sides. On April 14, 2015, Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud paid a visit to Egypt, during which he met with President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi. On April 10, 2015, General Sedqi Sobhi, General Commander of the Armed Forces and Minister of Defense and Military Production of Arab Republic of Egypt paid a visit to the Kingdom during which he met with Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz. On February 14, 2015, elements from the Egyptian and Saudi Navies had began the implementation of the main phase of the naval maneuver "Morgan 15" in which many of the naval and special forces as well as anti-submarines aircraft participated to carry out many joint training activities to secure the territorial waters and the movement of transport within the scope of the Red Sea which came to enhance the strategic partnership relations and military cooperation between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the relations between the two countries have witnessed a number of mutual military visits between military commanders and officials in both countries on a regular basis to exchange military, security, intelligence and information views and experiences of interest to the two countries. They have also carried out joint training exercises for the armies of the two countries, such as "Tabuk" maneuvers for ground forces, "Faisal" maneuvers for Air Forces and "Morgan" maneuvers for their Navy forces.
